BS EDIT: Development vs conservation

By Business StandardPublished On Aug 24, 2026

A buffer zone under threat

Assam wants Kaziranga’s Eco-Sensitive Zone cut to 1-3 km from 10 km to facilitate urban growth. But shrinking this protective belt could expose the park to greater encroachment

Kaziranga’s ecological wealth

Kaziranga has 2,613 one-horned rhinos, 148 tigers and over 1,550 elephants. Protecting these species requires space extending well beyond human-drawn park boundaries

Geography makes the buffer critical

Monsoon floods force wildlife towards the Karbi-Anglong highlands. National Highway 715 and illegal mining already threaten this vital migration route

What the Supreme Court said

In 2023, the Supreme Court rejected a uniform ESZ rule, saying limits should reflect local geography and ecological needs. Assam is using this flexibility to seek a smaller buffer

Conservation has economic value

Kaziranga generated a record ₹8.8 crore in tourism revenue in 2024. Its ecosystem also sustains guides, drivers, hospitality businesses and other local livelihoods

Development cannot erase ecology

Bannerghatta shows the risks of sacrificing buffers to urban sprawl. Kaziranga’s development needs must be balanced with conservation, not pursued by weakening its safeguards