BS EDIT: India’s First Income Survey: A Test for Data and Policy

By Business StandardPublished On Jun 27, 2025

Why This Survey Matters

India has long lacked reliable income data. The upcoming nationwide income survey could finally offer insights into inequality, poverty, and whether growth is truly inclusive

A History of False Starts

Since 1955, India has attempted income surveys, but most were shelved after results proved inconsistent or incomplete. This survey must avoid past missteps

The Reluctance to Report

People are often unwilling to disclose actual income, especially to government officials. Without trust and privacy safeguards, data quality will suffer

Gaps in Ground Access

From gated urban communities to complex rural incomes, surveyors face barriers that skew results. Sample integrity is key to meaningful findings

Lessons from Elsewhere

Even countries with strong data laws struggle with income surveys. India must build credibility and ensure its sample reflects all segments of its population

Beyond Income

The survey will also track how technology impacts earnings. If done right, it could guide future skilling, welfare, and economic policy in a rapidly changing job market