Major welfare reforms have transformed subsidy delivery. Fertiliser support remains the notable exception
The fertiliser subsidy bill is set to soar, exposing the risks of an outdated system
Urea prices stay heavily controlled, leaving the government to absorb most of the actual cost
Artificially low prices encourage diversion, black marketing and inefficient fertiliser use
Cheap urea drives overuse, worsening nutrient imbalance and degrading soil health
Direct benefit transfers and nutrient-based subsidies can make farm support fairer and more sustainable