India's rapid growth has led to unbalanced development, with prosperity concentrated in a few regions, increasing inequality
States like Maharashtra, Gujarat, and southern states account for about 30% of India's GDP, with per capita incomes above the national average
Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, and Uttar Pradesh have seen a drop in relative per capita income since the 1960s, lagging behind the national average
Punjab's economic growth fell behind Haryana's despite a shared Green Revolution boost, showing varying state-level growth trajectories
Growing disparities pose challenges in fiscal resource distribution, calling for targeted interventions to uplift lagging states
Balanced regional growth requires improving infrastructure, urbanisation, and human capital in underperforming states through focused policies