UP, Bihar fall behind in human development index as Rajasthan, UP improve

Uttar Pradesh and Bihar did poorly on the human development index (HDI), as smaller states Haryana and Himachal improved in the last 27 years, said a report on Friday.

Industrial Gujarat and Maharashtra slipped in the HDI ranking between 1990 and 2017, while Haryana has improved the most, finds SBI Research in a report that is based on the data from Subnational HDI for the states.

Southern states continue to lead the pack on the crucial measure, where the country is ranked 130th globally, but are staring at a different trouble, the report noted.

The population in southern states is ageing fast and this can potentially result in imminent pressure on these states in terms of both social as well as physical inter-state migration, it said.

"Both UP and Bihar have continued to remain at the bottom in the past 27 years," noted the report, acknowledging some strides undertaken by these states since 2014.

Rajasthan, UP, Odisha and MP have seen the largest jump in HDI value among the 25 major states, it said.

Interestingly, the report says one cannot establish a direct co-relation between social sector spends and HDI, which points to the presence of institutional bottlenecks, lack of awareness and implementation issues.

From the perspective of spending public funds, Nagaland is at the bottom with a growth of 12.7 percent per annum over the past 27 years, while Haryana witnessed the fastest growth at 15.7 percent.

Bengal had a 13.3 per cent growth in social sector spends ranking 19th, which is a slip of two notches since 1990, it said.

Gujarat slipped to 14 in 2017 from 12 in 1990, while Maharashtra slipped by one notch to 9, it said. The list is topped by Kerala, followed by Goa.

The report expects Ayushman Bharat scheme, which provides health cover to the poor, can help improve HDI value both at the national and sub-national level in the coming years if rolled out "properly" and rolled out across the states.