The 15,446 detainees, including 1,842 women, will be released for the 68th National Day anniversary which falls on Monday, said Giang Son, an official in President Truong Tan Sang's office.
The mass pardon is one of the country's largest in recent years.
But no prisoners sentenced for "propaganda" against the state or attempting to overthrow the communist regime, charges frequently used against activists appear on the amnesty list seen by AFP.
Among those to be released are four prisoners sentenced for national security crimes, including two ethnic minority Montagnards from the restive Central Highlands, vice-minister of public security General Le Quy Vuong told reporters.
Vietnam is regularly denounced by rights groups and Western governments for its intolerance of political dissent and systematic violations of freedom of religion.
Scores of dissidents have been jailed in recent years for anti-state activity in Vietnam where the Communist Party forbids all political debate including 46 activists so far in 2013.
US officials said in June that Vietnam was holding more than 120 political prisoners.
National day marks the declaration of independence on September 2, 1945 by Ho Chi Minh, the founder of the Vietnamese Communist Party.
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