Most of the victims were in Panjshir province north of Kabul, where two days of heavy snow have blocked main roads and made it difficult for rescue workers to reach the affected villages.
Deadly avalanches are common in Afghanistan's high mountainous areas in winter. One in the remote far northeast in 2012 left 145 people missing, presumed dead.
"I can confirm that 22 people have been killed in the avalanches in Panjshir province, the toll may rise as our teams are still gathering information," said Mohammad Aslam Sayas, the deputy head of Afghanistan's Disaster Management Authority.
Dozens of homes in Panjshir were damaged by the avalanches and snowfall, Sayas said.
The Panjshir provincial governor Abdul Rahman Kabiri gave a higher death toll, saying 31 bodies had been recovered by locals and government workers digging by hand.
"We have gathered 300 people to help with the rescue, but we don't have the equipment we need and people are using shovels and their bare hands to reach the trapped people," he said.
Some 15 people were pulled from the snow suffering frostbite and other injuries, the governor said.
Parts of the capital Kabul were hit by power cuts yesterday and today after snowstorms and avalanches damaged power cables in the Salang Pass, which links the city to the country's north.
The pass remained closed to traffic today.
Despite the billions of dollars in aid from the international community after the collapse of the Taliban, Afghanistan remains among the world's poorest nations after decades of conflict.
Rescue efforts after disasters such as avalanches and flash floods, which often hit as snows melt in the spring, are frequently hampered by lack of equipment. Poor infrastructure makes it difficult for rescue teams to reach isolated areas.
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