The Israeli foreign ministry confirmed the arrival of Friedman, who has been a strong supporter of Israeli settlement building in the occupied West Bank.
Friedman is due to present his credentials to Israeli President Reuven Rivlin on Tuesday.
The Jewish-American bankruptcy lawyer has expressed scepticism over the two-state solution to the Israeli- Palestinian conflict, the basis of years of US peace efforts.
He has also advocated breaking with decades of precedent and moving the US embassy from Tel Aviv to the disputed city of Jerusalem, a prospect deeply alarming to Palestinians.
Trump is expected to visit Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories on May 22 and 23.
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