Dogs have unique personalities shaped by owners: Study

Pet dogs, just like humans, have distinct 'personalities' that are gradually shaped by their owner's behaviour, and can even change over time, a study claims.

Researchers said that when dog owners spend extra time scratching their dogs' bellies, take them out for long walks and games of fetch, they are gradually shaping their pooches' personalities.

Dogs, like people, have moods and personality traits that shape how they react in certain situations, researchers said.

"When humans go through big changes in life, their personality traits can change. We found that this also happens with dogs -- and to a surprisingly large degree," said William Chopik, a professor at Michigan State University in the US.

"We expected the dogs' personalities to be fairly stable because they don't have wild lifestyle changes humans do, but they actually change a lot," said Chopik.

"We uncovered similarities to their owners, the optimal time for training and even a time in their lives that they can get more aggressive toward other animals," he said.

Additionally, Chopik found that dogs' personalities can predict many important life outcomes. For example, canines' personalities will influence how close they feel to their owners, biting behaviour and even chronic illness.

The research, published in Journal of Research in Personality, is one of the first -- and is the largest -- studies of its kind to examine changes in dogs' personalities.

Chopik surveyed owners of more than 1,600 dogs, including 50 different breeds. Dogs ranged from just a few weeks old to 15 years, and were split closely between male and female.

The extensive survey had owners evaluate their dog's personalities and answered questions about the dog's behavioral history. The owners also answered a survey about their own personalities.

"We found correlations in three main areas: age and personality, in human-to-dog personality similarities and in the influence a dog's personality has on the quality of its relationship with its owner," Chopik said.

"Older dogs are much harder to train; we found that the 'sweet spot' for teaching a dog obedience is around the age of six, when it outgrows its excitable puppy stage but before its too set in its ways," he said.

One trait that rarely changes in age with dogs was fear and anxiety, he added.

Honing in on the saying, "dogs resemble their owners," the research showed dogs and owners share specific personality traits.

Extroverted humans rated their dogs as more excitable and active, while owners high in negative emotions rated their dogs as more fearful, active and less responsive to training.

Owners who rated themselves as agreeable rated their dogs as less fearful and less aggressive to people and animals.

The owners who felt happiest about their relationships with their dogs reported active and excitable dogs, as well as dogs who were most responsive to training.

The research shows how much power humans have over influencing a dog's personality. He explained that many of the reasons a dog's personality changes are a result of the "nature versus nurture" theory associated with humans' personalities.