There was a festive atmosphere in Tehran where Rouhani, a 68-year-old moderate cleric who spearheaded a 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, was mobbed by cheering supporters as he cast his ballot in a mosque in the city centre.
"The enthusiastic participation of Iranians in the election reinforces our national power and security," he said, as polling stations reported morning queues were far bigger than usual.
Rouhani, who has framed the vote as a choice between greater civil liberties and "extremism", faces stiff competition from hardline cleric Ebrahim Raisi, 56, who has positioned himself as a defender of the poor and called for a much tougher line with the West.
Raisi has targeted working-class voters hit by high unemployment and austerity measures, as well as those who worry the values of the 1979 revolution are under threat.
"His main focus is deprived people and he wants to fight corruption," said Mohsen, a 32-year-old Raisi supporter.
"Our country is surrounded by enemies -- if we don't strengthen our domestic situation, we will be harmed."
Rouhani's central achievement was a deal with six powers led by the United States that eased crippling economic sanctions in exchange for curbs to Iran's nuclear programme.
"Instead of using the capable hands of our young people to resolve problems, they are putting our economy in the hands of foreigners," Raisi said at a closing campaign rally in second city Mashhad on Wednesday.
Rouhani says hardliners must be kept away from Iran's diplomatic levers at a delicate moment in relations with the United States.
"One wrong decision by the president can mean war," he warned this week.
Rouhani gained a reprieve on Wednesday when Washington agreed to continue waiving nuclear-related sanctions, keeping the deal on track for now.
Supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei cast his vote at his compound just minutes after polls opened, saying: "The destiny of the country is in the hands of Iranians."
Reformists and many celebrities in the nation of 80 million have backed Rouhani.
Oscar-winning director Asghar Farhadi, a vocal Rouhani supporter, cast his vote at a polling station in Cannes, France where he was attending the film festival.
"I want social justice, social freedoms and political development, and good relations with all countries in the world," said Rouhani supporter Nasim, a 37-year-old university lecturer.
Rouhani has brought inflation down from around 40 percent when he took office in 2013, but prices are still rising by nine per cent a year.
Oil sales have rebounded since the nuclear deal took effect in January last year, but growth in the rest of the economy has been limited, leaving unemployment at 12.5 per cent overall, and almost 30 per cent for young people.
Still, many appear willing to give his policies time to bear fruit, and hope Rouhani can lift the remaining US sanctions that are stifling trade.
"I'm voting for Rouhani to try to save my dignity," he said.
Meanwhile, Raisi has promised to triple cash handouts to the poor, hoping to pick up voters that once supported Rouhani's populist predecessor Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
"Unfortunately in recent years the dialogue of revolution has been weakened. People should restore the revolution's path," said Raisi supporter Mahanz Rafii, 50, a theology professor wearing her head-to-toe chador robes.
Having proved too independent for the conservative establishment, Ahmadinejad was dramatically barred from standing by the Guardian Council last month as it disqualified all but six of the 1,636 hopefuls who registered.
Iranians are also voting for local councils, with reformists hoping to overturn the conservatives' narrow majority in the capital.
Disclaimer: No Business Standard Journalist was involved in creation of this content
You’ve reached your limit of {{free_limit}} free articles this month.
Subscribe now for unlimited access.
Already subscribed? Log in
Subscribe to read the full story →
Smart Quarterly
₹900
3 Months
₹300/Month
Smart Essential
₹2,700
1 Year
₹225/Month
Super Saver
₹3,900
2 Years
₹162/Month
Renews automatically, cancel anytime
Here’s what’s included in our digital subscription plans
Exclusive premium stories online
Over 30 premium stories daily, handpicked by our editors


Complimentary Access to The New York Times
News, Games, Cooking, Audio, Wirecutter & The Athletic
Business Standard Epaper
Digital replica of our daily newspaper — with options to read, save, and share


Curated Newsletters
Insights on markets, finance, politics, tech, and more delivered to your inbox
Market Analysis & Investment Insights
In-depth market analysis & insights with access to The Smart Investor


Archives
Repository of articles and publications dating back to 1997
Ad-free Reading
Uninterrupted reading experience with no advertisements


Seamless Access Across All Devices
Access Business Standard across devices — mobile, tablet, or PC, via web or app
