The blaze was in a 25-storey building under construction beside the Rotana Beach Hotel and the Abu Dhabi Mall, emergency workers said.
Witnesses said hundreds of labourers were evacuated from the building site and a security official at the hotel said guests and staff were also evacuated as a precaution.
"The fire took place at the building which is in the final stages of construction," a technician with the Ghantoot Group which is undertaking the project told AFP.
Emergency services were still battling the blaze by nightfall.
Abu Dhabi has experienced a real estate boom in recent years, as has the neighbouring emirate of Dubai where several fires have hit high-profile buildings.
In July, fire ripped through a 75-storey apartment block in Dubai Marina, with no casualties reported, but last New Year's Eve 16 people were injured in a huge blaze at the luxury Address Downtown Hotel.
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