The interior ministry yesterday said 2,219 people were murdered in December 2017.
Authorities began collecting data in 1997, and the previous record high of 22,409 occurred in 2011.
The homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants meanwhile climbed to 20.51, against 16.80 in 2016, when 20,545 were murdered.
Mexico is convulsing from a wave of violence linked to drug trafficking that has left almost 200,000 dead since December 2006, when former president Felipe Calderon's government launched a controversial military anti-drug operation that, according to its critics, has only led to more murders and attacks.
Within the last year, even states that were previously relatively peaceful, such as Baja California Sur, northwestern Colima and central Guanajuato, were shaken by violence.
Analysts believe this may be linked to a surge in the number of autonomous cells following the capture of the heads of major drug cartels.
Criminal gangs have also diversified, trafficking in stolen gasoline, engaging in extortion, kidnapping for ransom or people trafficking.
The move drew criticism from rights groups concerned about the militarisation of the country -- while UN rights chief Zeid Ra'ad Al-Hussein said earlier this month it "risks weakening incentives for the civilian authorities to fully assume their law enforcement roles.
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