New type of barcode to thwart counterfeiting

Scientists have developed a new type of inexpensive barcode that, when added to documents or currency, could foil attempts at making forgeries.
Although the tags are easy to make, they still require ingredients you can't exactly find at the local hardware store, researchers said.
Xiaogang Liu from National University of Singapore and colleagues explained that scientists have used fluorescent and DNA-based barcodes, or tags of known composition and sequence, in attempts to develop tests for cancer and other diseases.
But their high cost and faint signal have hampered their application in security inks.
One estimate states that about USD 220 million in counterfeit bills are currently in circulation just in the US, and there's no way to tell how many other "official" documents are fake, researchers said.

Liu's team set out to thwart counterfeiters and overcome these obstacles by using microscopic "lanthanide-doped upconversion materials."

Lanthanides are a set of elements that are in a wide variety of products, including ceramics, glass and portable x-ray devices.
The team made a set of multicolour barcodes with different combinations of red, green or blue fluorescent dots on either end of a tiny lanthanide-containing microrod using an inexpensive process.
They then used these microrods to produce a transparent security ink. In this format, the barcodes are easily readable with a conventional microscope fitted with a near-infrared laser, but are invisible to the naked eye.

They said the materials also could find application in imaging cells from the body.
The study was published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.