Acting on a tip-off, police set up a check barrier and intercepted the truck last night near Mehna village on the Moga-Ludhiana road.
They said that the oxen were being taken outside Punjab without valid permits, allegedly for slaughtering.
Three persons, identified as Baljinder Singh, Sukha and Sadhu, all residents of Ferozepur district, were arrested for ferrying the oxen, police said, adding that a fourth accomplice managed to escape under the cover of darkness.
Police said that the accused have been involved in the alleged practice for many years.