Proteins vital to long-term memory identified

Scientists have identified a group of proteins essential to the formation of long-term memories.
Researchers from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in Florida studied a family of proteins called Wnts.
These proteins send signals from the outside to the inside of a cell, inducing a cellular response crucial for many aspects of embryonic development, including stem cell differentiation, as well as for normal functioning of the adult brain.
"By removing the function of three proteins in the Wnt signalling pathway, we produced a deficit in long-term but not short-term memory," said Ron Davis, chair of the TSRI Department of Neuroscience.

"The pathway is clearly part of the conversion of short-term memory to the long-term stable form, which occurs through changes in gene expression," Davis said.
The findings stem from experiments probing the role of Wnt signalling components in olfactory memory formation in Drosophila, the common fruit fly - a widely used doppelganger for human memory studies.

In the new study, the scientists inactivated the expression of several Wnt signalling proteins in the mushroom bodies of adult flies - part of the fly brain that plays a role in learning and memory.
The resulting memory disruption, Davis said, suggests that Wnt signalling participates actively in the formation of long-term memory, rather than having some general, non-specific effect on behaviour.

"What is interesting is that the molecular mechanisms of adult memory use the same processes that guide the early development of the organism, except that they are repurposed for memory formation," Davis said.
"One difference, however, is that during early development the signals are intrinsic, while in adults they require an outside stimulus to create a memory," he said.
The study was published in the journal Cell Reports.