To what turned out to be the last ball before tea, Australia lost Ed Cowan -- who played at Trent Bridge earlier this season for Nottinghamshire -- when he edged part-time spinner Joe Root to Jonathan Trott at slip on 14.
Cowan's exit left Australia 111 for two in their second innings -- needing exactly 200 more tuns to reach their daunting victory target of 311.
No side has made more to win in the fourth innings of a Trent Bridge Test than England's 284 for six against New Zealand in 2004.
Australia frustrated England in the initial stages of their chase before opener Shane Watson was lbw to a Stuart Broad inswinger for 46.
The all-rounder reviewed Kumar Dharmasena's out verdict but, with the Decision Review System indicating the ball would have clipped the edge of leg stump, the Sri Lankan's call was upheld.
It was the latest controversial decision in this match but Watson, restored to his favoured opening position by new Australia coach Darren Lehmann, had to go having failed to add to his meagre tally of two hundreds in what was now his 42nd Test.
Rogers immediately reviewed the decision and, with replays showing neither an edge nor indicating he was lbw, he was reprieved.
