"Thirty people were killed and several others injured," Zamfara state police spokesman Lawal Abdullahi told AFP.
"The incident happened in Galadima yesterday during a meeting of community leaders and representatives of vigilante groups" who were discussing ways to thwart armed robbers and cattle rustlers, he said.
He said security forces had deployed to the area.
Survivors said more than 60 people might have died in the attack.
"We counted 61 bodies from the scene of the attack last night, while many people were wounded," a survivor who gave his name only as Babaginda from neighbouring Kaduna state told AFP.
The conflict between Fulani herdsmen and local farmers over land rights, particularly in central Nigeria, has persisted for more than a decade despite a series of peace efforts across several states.
Last month, some 100 people were killed in Kaduna state when assailants armed with guns and machetes attacked local farming villages.
Fulani leaders have for years complained about the loss of grazing land crucial to their livelihood, and resentment between the herdsmen and their agrarian neighbours has risen over the past decade.
The Fulani claim they have been systematically disenfranchised. The disputes vary from state to state and often have a religious element, especially in areas where farmers are predominantly Christian.
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