The USD 100 million jet sustained significant damage, forcing it to jettison its fuel tanks and munitions before returning to base, officials confirmed to AFP.
The attack occurred last Tuesday in the Sayid Karam district of eastern Paktia province, much of which is under control of the Taliban, who have been waging an insurgency against US-led NATO forces and government troops since they were forced from power in 2001.
The militant group claimed they had downed the jet in a statement posted on Twitter that evening, but when contacted for comment, the US military initially said it had no "operational reporting to support the Taliban claims".
They also show masked militants posing with the hardware.
When presented with the images, the US military confirmed in a statement to AFP late yesterday: "On October 13, a US F-16 encountered small arms fire in the Paktia Province in Afghanistan. The surface to air fire impacted one of the aircraft's stabilisers and caused damage to one of the munitions.
The Taliban have shot down several military helicopters using small-arms fire, but never an F-16 -- an advanced jet capable of supersonic speeds and reaching heights of 50,000 feet, which have been deployed in Afghanistan since the beginning of the US-led military in 2001.
Since the 2014 drawdown, the US Air Force has maintained one squadron of F-16s at Bagram Air Base.
In April 2013, a US F-16 crashed into a mountain near Bagram while flying low in bad weather, according to a US military investigation, and a Dutch pilot was killed when his F-16 crashed in 2006.
