Working long hours may trigger diabetes

People in low-status, poorly paid jobs who work 55 hours or more a week are 30 per cent more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than those putting in 35 to 40 hours, a new study has warned.
Mika Kivimaki, Professor of Epidemiology at University College London, UK, and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual-level data examining the effects of long working hours on type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of data from 4 published studies and 19 studies with unpublished data involving 22,2,120 men and women from the US, Europe, Japan, and Australia who were followed for an average of 7.6 years, found a similar risk of developing type 2 diabetes in people working more than 55 hours a week compared to those putting in a normal 35 to 40 hour week.

However, the researchers noted significant differences when the results were looked at more closely.
Further analyses revealed that individuals doing low socioeconomic status jobs who worked 55 hours or more per week had a roughly 30 per cent increased risk of developing diabetes compared to their counterparts who worked between 35 and 40 hours a week, even after taking into account health behaviours such as smoking and physical activity, and other risk factors including age, sex, and obesity.
This association remained strong even after excluding shift work, which has been shown to increase the risk of obesity and developing type 2 diabetes.

Researchers said further study is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms for the association between long working hours and diabetes in people doing low socioeconomic status jobs.

They suggest a number of possible explanations, including working disruptive schedules that leave little time to take part in health restoring behaviours such as sleeping, unwinding, and exercise.
"The pooling of all available studies on this topic allowed us to investigate the association between working hours and diabetes risk with greater precision than has been previously possible," said Kivimaki.
"Although working long hours is unlikely to increase diabetes risk in everyone, health professionals should be aware that it is associated with a significantly increased risk in people doing low socioeconomic status jobs," Kivimaki said.

The study was published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.