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The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2026, passed by Parliament on August 13, 2026, gives the Centre greater control over mineral-bearing land and limits states’ powers to impose taxes and levies on mineral resources. The government says this will create a more predictable mining regime, reduce costs and encourage investment. States, however, fear losing significant revenue and fiscal autonomy. The concerns come after a 2024 Supreme Court ruling upheld states’ power to tax mineral resources, with Odisha facing potentially significant revenue losses.