Lok Sabha elections 2019: Dole-outs that failed the TMC in West Bengal

Ever since coming to power, West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee has been holding frequent administrative review meetings, which most government officials and district-level political leaders dread.

In roll call-like sessions, she often lashed out at top government officials and party workers over the progress of development works in full glare of the media.

The review meetings hold key to Mamata’s style of administration, showing her strong connect with the rural masses. 

Till November 2018, she had done 430 such meetings. In nearly eight years of the Trinamool Congress (TMC) regime in West Bengal, rural areas have been the focus of successive budgets by the state government. Yet, the party faced a major defeat in the countryside while it retained urban seats. According to analysts, since much of the voting in this elections was on religious lines, Mamata’s rural focus became irrelevant.  

Departments that saw massive increase in fund flow in the last eight years in the state include agriculture, panchayats and rural development, minority development, health, school education, land reforms and refugee relief and rehabilitation, among others. 

At the same time, in some of the job-creating sectors like commerce and industry and information technology, the relative increase in fund allocation has remained low.

Numbers paint the picture

Bengal’s budget for agriculture stood at Rs 315 crore in 2012-13 when state finance minister Amit Mitra presented the first Budget of the TMC government. By 2019-20, the allocation rose to nearly Rs 6,086 crore.  

About a month before the NDA government at the Centre announced a yearly dole of Rs 6,000 to farmer, West Bengal announced Rs 5,000 annually per acre to farmer, along with a life insurance scheme of Rs 2 lakh. The scheme cover around 7,20,000 farmer in the state. In February this year, Mamata had announced that the state will bear full premium burden for Bangla Fasal Bima Yojna, the state’s own version of Prime Minister Fasal Bima Yojna. Earlier, the state used to pay 80 per cent of the premium, with the rest being borne by the Centre.

Despite this, the TMC suffered a defeat in the agriculture-rich constituencies of Hooghly, and Bardhaman-Durgapur.

Minority development has been another area of major focus for the TMC government – something which the BJP in the state made a major political issue about, as it blamed the TMC for appeasement politics.

For minority development and Madarsa education, Bengal’s budget increased from Rs 570 crore in 2012-13 to about Rs 4,017 crore in 2018-19. Some of the projects aimed at Muslims include construction of boundary wall at graveyards, involving a fund of Rs 563 crore so far, construction of Haj House, with a project cost of Rs 100 crore, setting up of a Minority Bhavan – a single window facility for the minorities for all government schemes – in each district of the state.

The state has also set up Aliah University, a minority education institution, spread over 20 acres on a budget of Rs 257 crore. However, the most politically contentious scheme of the TMC government remains that of providing financial assistance to Imams and Moazzins, about 63,378 in number.

The most successful welfare scheme of the TMC government has been the Kanyashree project, which also won several accolades, including one from the UN and replicated by other states. Under the scheme, the state provides a one-time grant of Rs 25,000 once a girl reaches the age of 18 and continues her studies. The state also provides annual scholarship for unmarried girls aged 13-18 years enrolled in classes VIII-XII. Also, the government provides free school bags, books, uniform and bicycles to students between classes IX and XII. Little surprise, TMC’s budget allocation for school education rose from Rs 2,713 crore in 2012-13 to whooping Rs 27,541 crore in 2019-20.

Upbeat by the success of Kanyashree, TMC later launched Rupashree, which doles out grants for the wedding of women.

Some of the other popular schemes of the state government include Yuvashree (financial assistance for the unemployed), and financial assistance to folk artists. In the area of food security, Bengal has been a top performer, as the government provides 5 kg of rice/wheat per month at the rate of Rs 2 a kg to the poor.

Among other success stories is the state’s sanitation campaign--Mission Nirmal Bangla (launched in 2013, much before the Central government started building toilets under Swach Bharat Mission).  The state has built more than six million toilets in last eight years in rural areas.

Notably, when Mamata Banerjee came to power in 2011, reforms in government hospitals was one of the key agendas.  Some of the flagship schemes include setting up of fair price shops by the government. According to government data, till October 2019, a discount of  a staggering Rs 1,304 crore was availed against 47 million prescriptions.

Swasthyasathi, the mass health insurance scheme of the state government has hogged much attention during election campaign of Banerjee. Launched much before its counterpart at the national level, Ayushman Bharat, under Swasthysathi the state provides insurance cover up to Rs 150,000 and up to Rs 500,000 in assurance mode. Banerjee had accused Modi of “hijacking” the state’s health insurance scheme, and taking credit by distributing pamphlets bearing Modi’s name under the scheme.

While initially the state collaborated for joint implementation of  Swasthyasathi and Ayushman Bharat, later it pulled out of the national scheme.

Banerjee’s sore areas have been lack of industry and jobs in the state, forcing a large number of youths to migrate outside West Bengal. For 2018-19, the budgetary allocations in commerce and industry was about Rs 1,304 crore and for IT was Rs 248 crore---even lower than the budgetary allocation for minority development.

While TMC had lost its rural grip, it was able to maintain its seat tally, as it won urban seats like Dum Dum, North Kolkata, Jadavpur, South Kolkata and Barasat. Surely, Mamata Banerjee’s rural bet didn’t pay off well.

Departments with large rises in outlay in eight years
	2019-20 (Rs cr)	2012-13 (Rs cr)
Agriculture	6,086	315
Health & Family Welfare	9,557	1,049
Minority Affairs & Madarsah Education	4,017	570
Panchayat & Rural Development	20,422	2,717
Land & Land Reforms (LR) and Refugee Relief & Rehabilitation (RRR)	1,242	130*
School Education	27,541	2,713
Information & Cultural Affairs	631	110
Industry Commerce & Enterprise	1,305	500**
Information Technology & Electronics	248	103@
MSME & Textiles	1,034	286
* Rs 75 cr for land & land reforms, Rs 55 cr for RRR; **Under the head commerce & industry; @Under Information & Technology; Source: West Bengal Budget