Most number of peacekeepers accused of sexual abuse in 2015 were from Congo, Morocco, South Africa, Cameroon, Rwanda and Tanzania, the UN said in its latest report on special measures to protect people from crimes of sexual abuse and exploitation.
There were 99 allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse uncovered by the United Nations in 2015, the report said. No Indians were among the peacekeepers accused of sexual abuse.
"What we need to do is not detract from the good work which is done by hundreds of thousands of peacekeepers. We need to find these culprits who bring a bad name to peacekeeping, who actually create problems within the country in which they find themselves, and most importantly who destroy young innocent lives. And we need to punish them in a certain manner that nobody else in the future will ever think of doing that," he said.
India has 7,798 peacekeepers in 10 UN missions across the world.
India's Permanent Representative to the UN Ambassador Syed Akbaruddin had told a session of the United Nations Special Committee for Peacekeeping Operations last month that "my delegation is appalled by the recent cases of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) which have surfaced in some of the UN Peacekeeping Operations."
"My delegation strongly condemns these unpardonable acts when the protector becomes the perpetrator. We have a zero tolerance policy on SEA cases and would like that there is zero tolerance on such issues across the UN too," he had said.
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"It is greatly distressing when protectors, in rare instances, turn predators," Khare said.
Khare, who also gave an update on the implementation of 45 measures introduced last year, noted that 22 of the cases in 2015 took place in CAR, while 16 were reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and nine in Haiti.
"The heart-breaking events that have come to light in the Central African Republic are a stark reminder that we must redouble our efforts to curb this scourge and that we depend on a strong partnership with member states to do so," Khare said.
He said the UN and its partners must adopt a victim- centred approach, with urgent psychological, medical and legal assistance provided to them, particularly when the victims are very young children.
"In this regard, the Secretary-General is proposing the creation of a trust fund. It would be funded voluntarily, but also from the salaries withheld from those who face significant allegations which have been substantiated," Khare said, noting that some USD 50,000 has been withheld so far.
These would exist in more locations, closer to the communities affected, and with the support of non-governmental organisations.
"We will spare no effort in making it possible for victims to come forward and for their allegations to receive serious consideration," the UN official said.
A second set of recommendations deals with measures to enhance the UN's transparency, such as an online database featuring all the information about the cases which will be available at the UN's Conduct and Discipline website.
"It will also identify the countries from which such perpetrators came, and it will update on the action taken, either by the UN or by the countries concerned, as regards investigation into these cases -- whether they have been completed, what disciplinary measures were taken, and what criminal jurisdiction measures were undertaken by the countries to provide adequate, appropriate and exemplary punishment," Khare said.
In a separate interview with the UN News Centre, Khare said the UN is appealing to member states to ensure that sanctions are commensurate with the seriousness of the offense and that criminal accountability follows.
As the UN does not have criminal jurisdiction, these investigators are expected to be appointed by the perpetrator's country within a 10-day time limit of the alleged crime, and to have completed their investigations within six months.
"In cases where a particularly egregious offense has taken place, say for the rape of a child, then we will request that this period be shortened by half -- appointing an investigator within five days, and completing the investigation within three months," he said.
In addition, a very strong vetting mechanism has already been established, by which the Organisation can verify the criminal past of prospective peacekeepers.
"Disciplinary measures have been strengthened since last year," the Under-Secretary-General stressed, pointing out that not only will perpetrators be repatriated, but commanders are also at risk of being sent home "for not being strong enough in their command and control."
"That anyone serving under the UN flag should prey on the vulnerable is an abomination," Khare stated. "We will not let up in our response to ensure that our prevention measures are robust, and that where incidents occur, victims receive support and allegations are vigorously investigated so that, ultimately, justice is served."
Asked whether deploying more women could further limit the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse, Khare said he does believe that a greater participation of female peacekeepers would help, not only in the fight against this particular issue, but also to improve the overall quality of peacekeeping and the way in which the UN achieves its mandates worldwide.