Babies learn first lullabies in the womb

An infant can recognise a lullaby heard in the womb for several months after birth, potentially supporting later speech development, a new study has found.
The study by the University of Helsinki focused on 24 women during the final trimester of their pregnancies.
Half of the women played the melody of 'Twinkle Twinkle Little Star' to their foetuses five days a week for the final stages of their pregnancies.
The brains of the babies who heard the melody in utero reacted more strongly to the familiar melody both immediately and four months after birth when compared with the control group.

These results show that foetuses can recognise and remember sounds from the outside world.
This is significant for the early rehabilitation, since rehabilitation aims at long-term changes in the brain.

"Even though our earlier research indicated that foetuses could learn minor details of speech, we did not know how long they could retain the information. These results show that babies are capable of learning at a very young age, and that the effects of the learning remain apparent in the brain for a long time," said researcher Eino Partanen.
"This is the first study to track how long foetal memories remain in the brain. The results are significant, as studying the responses in the brain let us focus on the foundations of foetal memory. The early mechanisms of memory are currently unknown," said Dr Minna Huotilainen, principal investigator.

The researchers believe that song and speech are most beneficial for the foetus in terms of speech development.
According to the current understanding, the processing of singing and speech in the babies brains are partly based on shared mechanisms, and so hearing a song can support a baby's speech development.
However, little is known about the possible detrimental effects that noise in the workplace can cause to a foetus during the final trimester.
The study was published in the journal PLoS ONE.