The National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) arrested Mahdi, chief of the opposition Umma Party, on May 17 after he reportedly accused a counter-insurgency unit of abuses against civilians.
Mahdi, a descendant of Sudan's legendary Islamic reformer known as the "Mahdi", is also a religious leader revered by followers in his Ansar al-Islam movement.
Ansar is a key component of Umma.
"The voice of Sadiq is the voice of the people!" his followers shouted after hundreds gathered for Friday prayers at Ansar's Wad Nubawi mosque in Khartoum's twin city of Omdurman.
Mahdi's followers then moved to the nearby Umma headquarters where they carried on their rally, behind a banner proclaiming: "We protect our imam."
The US embassy yesterday expressed "deep concern" over the detention of Mahdi and urged Sudan to respect freedom of expression.
Mahdi reportedly accused the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which are under the authority of NISS, of rape and other abuses of civilians in the Darfur region of western Sudan.
RSF commanders denied that their unit had raped, looted or committed arson.
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