Macron is the clear favourite to become France's youngest-ever president after topping Sunday's ballot with 23.75 per cent of votes, slightly ahead of National Front (FN) leader Le Pen on 21.53 per cent.
The result reflected a desire for change in the deeply divided country, with the top spots going to two outsiders who transcended the left-right divide.
Addressing thousands of flag-waving supporters in Paris yesterday evening, 39-year-old Macron set the tone for the May 7 run-off, saying he aimed to unite "patriots" against "the threat of nationalists."
The 48-year-old ex-lawyer gained over a million new voters compared with the 2012 election, securing 7.6 million ballots, a result she hailed as "historic".
But Le Pen's share of the vote was far below a March poll high of 27 per cent and there was an air of disappointment in her camp that she missed out on the top spot.
With a slew of leaders from the right and the left rallying behind Macron, the odds are stacked against her.
The conservative Le Figaro daily lamented the defeat of the conservative Republicans, whose scandal-hit candidate Francois Fillon trailed in third with 19.9 per cent.
"The unthinkable happened," the paper wrote in an editorial, criticising the right's defeat in an election after they were initially seen as a shoo-in after five years of troubled Socialist rule.
Despite serving as economy minister in the outgoing Socialist government of Francois Hollande, Macron casts himself as an "outsider" and his year-old "En Marche!" ("On the move") movement as revolutionary.
There were jubilant scenes at his Paris election party, with Macron's wife Brigitte, who is 25 years his senior, joining him briefly on stage.
The outcome capped an extraordinary campaign in a deeply divided and demoralised France, which has been rocked by a series of terror attacks since 2015 and is struggling to shake off a deep economic malaise.
Throughout the campaign, Macron insisted France was "contrarian" -- ready to elect a pro-globalisation liberal at a time when right-wing nationalists are making gains around the world.
Le Pen seized on a jihadist attack that claimed the life of a policeman on the Champs Elysees in Paris three days before the vote to stress her tough line on immigration and Islam.
But most voters appeared to have taken the threat in their stride.
"Most likely, the French election can mark a turning point for France and Europe," said analyst Holger Schmieding from Berenberg Bank.
Le Pen follows in the footsteps of her father Jean-Marie, who made it through to the 2002 presidential run-off in what was a political earthquake for France.
Le Pen Senior went on to suffer a stinging defeat when mainstream parties closed ranks to keep him out.
Far-right expert Nonna Mayer at Sciences Po university said a Le Pen victory was not impossible, "but it seems unlikely that she will carry the second round".
Despite Macron's plans to "relaunch the building of Europe", the combined scores of staunch eurosceptics Le Pen, far-left Jean-Luc Melenchon and nationalist Nicolas Dupont- Aignan add up to around 46 per cent.
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