The leaders, including Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) vice president Selima Rahman and chairperson Khaleda Zia's adviser Khandaker Mahbub Hossain, were arrested in a crackdown in the capital.
Rahman was arrested from her residence shortly after she announced the BNP's decision to extend its shutdown until tomorrow to protest the "farcical polls".
Two former lawmakers, Fazlul Haque Milon and Nazimuddin Ahmed, were arrested during a raid on the office of BNP chief whip Zainul Abdin Farroque.
The fresh arrests came a day after Hasina ordered army and law enforcement agencies to restore peace and order at any cost.
"I am issuing directives to all members of the administration, military and law enforcement agencies to work sincerely to contain with iron hands any post-election terrorism and violence," Hasina said.
She called on President Abdul Hamid and reiterated her determination to protect the life and property of people.
"It was a courtesy call on after the elections when the premier told the president that she was determined to do anything required to protect the life and property of the people," presidential spokesman Ihsanul Karim Helal told PTI.
The BNP boycotted the polls after Hasina rejected the opposition's demand for a neutral caretaker regime for election oversight.
Political violence during strikes enforced by the opposition since November have left over 160 people dead.
Hasina has asserted that her re-election in the much-disputed polls was legitimate and appealed to her arch-rival, Zia, to shun "terrorism" and sever ties with the fundamentalist Jamaat-e-Islami to strike a deal on the next elections.
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