NASA's InSight lander all set to make Mars landing

USA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is all set to launch a deep probe in Mars with its InSight lander scheduled to touch down on the red planet on November 26 (local time; early hours of November 27 IST).

InSight, short for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport, is the first outer space robotic explorer and will study the crust, mantle, and core of the fourth planet in our solar system.

The lander was launched on May 5, 2018, from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California and has undertaken a six-month cruise from Earth to Mars ever since.

A part of the NASA Discovery Program, the lander is expected to yell "I made it!" twice - once on landing and repeat the same sentence louder after seven minutes again.

"The first time, it will communicate with a tone beacon that the radio telescopes will try to detect. The second time, it will send a "beep" from its more powerful X-band antenna, which should now be pointed at Earth," NASA stated.

"This beep includes slightly more information and is only heard if the spacecraft is in a healthy, functioning state. If NASA's Deep Space Network picks up this beep, it's a good sign that InSight survived the landing," USA's space organisation highlighted.

It is equipped with two cameras, a 5 feet 9 inches long robotic arm and other instruments which will help scientists in undertaking an in-depth study into the processes that shaped rocky planets of the inner solar system, including Mercury, Venus, and Earth, more than four billion years ago.

Two briefcase-sized spacecraft, MarCOs, are flying behind InSight and will attempt to relay its signals and transmit the entire entry, descent and landing (EDL) of NASA's latest lander.

NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) will also record InSight's data during descent, besides the MarCO CubeSats.

The organistaion's 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft will play a pivotal role in transmitting InSight's information during surface operations along with the MRO, NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission (MAVEN) and the European Space Agency's Trace Gas Orbiter.

Odyssey will also relay data after the lander has touched down and confirm if the solar arrays have been fully deployed.

France's Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), are supporting NASA's InSight mission, amongst other organisations.

The entire landing will be streamed on NASA's website for the InSight mission in real time while viewing parties have been planned all across the USA and around the world.