The clash happened in Basima area of the troubled Kharan district, where Baloch nationalists have waged a low-key insurgency since 2004.
A Frontier Corps (FC) official said the encounter happened when the paramilitary force personnel were conducting a search operation the area.
"Fifteen militants and one soldier were killed in the gun battle," he said.
He said a huge quantity of arms and ammunition were seized from the militants.
The death toll could not be verified independently.
At least 17 people were killed and 45 injured in a powerful explosion in a train at Sibi station last April when President Mamnoon Hussain was in Quetta on a two-day visit.
The Baloch nationalists blame the federal government for depriving the province of its resources and often target security forces in the region.
