The shelling yesterday that targeted government-controlled western Aleppo was one of the most intense in recent days. It coincided with a crushing air and ground assault that has seen forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar Assad recapture more than half of opposition-held eastern Aleppo.
Russia and militias allied with Iran and Lebanon's Hezbollah have been staunch supporters of Assad in his country's bitter civil war, now in its sixth year.
Another nurse who was wounded in the shelling later died, the Russian Defense Ministry said.
"The Russian and Syrian doctors tried their best to save her," Maj Gen Igor Konashenkov said in an emailed statement. Another Russian, a pediatrician, remains in critical condition.
He urged international organisations such as the Red Cross to condemn the attack on the health workers "who were doing their medical duty to help the civilians of Aleppo."
Russia has repeatedly blocked action in the Security Council over Syria.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said talks would be held with the United States this week in Geneva on a rebel withdrawal from eastern Aleppo, Russian news agencies reported.
The Russians have tried before to coax rebels into leaving the territory, setting up corridors out of the district, but the fighters have refused because they want to retain their control over parts of the city. Some fear the Russians and their Syrian allies would not ensure their safety.
Opposition activists and rescue workers said four people were killed in a barrel bomb attack on a rebel-held district, and three more were trapped in the rubble.
Insurgents also struck back in the government-held western parts of the city with dozens of mortar shells. At least eight civilians were killed in different neighbourhoods, according to state news agency SANA.
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