Interior Ministry spokesman Sediq Sediqqi said that the district police chief and 17 of his men have not been heard from since yesterday.
He said insurgents seized Ghormach district on Sunday.
Qari Yousef Ahmadi, a spokesman for the Taliban, said they detained the district police chief, who was wounded in battle, along with 13 other police.
Sediqqi says reinforcements have been sent to the province and First Vice President Abdul Rashid Dostum, a former warlord with no formal position in the military, will coordinate operations there.
