The militants have already stepped up attacks on government and foreign targets in recent weeks, with Afghan security forces bracing for what is expected to be the bloodiest fighting season in a decade.
It will be the first fighting season in which Afghan security forces will battle the insurgents without the full support of NATO combat forces.
"The Islamic Emirate is going to launch the spring operations under the inspirational name of 'Azm' (determination) at 5 am on 24th April 2015," the Taliban said in a statement, using their official name.
NATO's combat mission formally ended in December but a small follow-up foreign force has stayed on to train and support local security personnel.
President Barack Obama last month announced a delay in US troop withdrawals from Afghanistan, an overture to the country's new reform-minded leader, President Ashraf Ghani.
Hosting Ghani at the White House for their first presidential face-to-face meeting, Obama agreed to keep the current level of 9,800 US troops until the end of 2015.
An upsurge in attacks in recent weeks has taken a heavy toll on ordinary Afghans.
In the first three months of 2015, civilian casualties from ground fighting were up eight percent on the same period last year, a recent UN report said.
But in their statement, the Taliban said their "top priority will be given to safeguard and protect the lives and properties of the civilian people" during the spring offensive.
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