Zuma was replaced as party chief by his deputy Cyril Ramaphosa in December with the new leader facing an uphill task to recover public support for Africa's oldest liberation movement ahead of the 2019 elections.
"We must restore the integrity and credibility of the ANC," said the 65-year-old in his first major address to the party at a rally for the African National Congress's 106th anniversary celebrations.
"The movement has become deeply divided through factionalism, patronage, corruption and competition for resources," said the former trade unionist who led talks to end white-minority rule in the early 1990s and then became a multi-millionaire businessman before returning to politics.
This week, Zuma -- who was also at Saturday's meeting in East London -- announced a probe into top-level corruption after parliament said it would deliberate procedures for impeachment.
Corruption allegations have tarnished Zuma's image and eroded his support base, with the beleaguered leader facing growing pressure to resign before his presidential term ends in 2019.
Back in 2014, Zuma failed to abide by recommendations made by the anti-corruption watchdog over USD 15 million (12.5 million euros) of taxpayer-funded refurbishments at his home in the eastern KwaZulu-Natal province.
In 2016, a damning report questioned Zuma's dealings with the Guptas, a wealthy family of Indian origin, who were allegedly granted influence over his cabinet appointments.
Last month, Zuma suffer another blow when Ramaphosa, who campaigned on an anti-corruption ticket, was elected ANC president beating the president's former wife Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.
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