The man, identified as Mahesh Chauhan, ended his life by jumping into a well, they said.
According to police, the three school teachers have been booked for abetment to suicide.
Taking a serious note of the incident, Gujarat Social Justice and Empowerment Minister, Ishwar Parmar, ordered an inquiry into the incident and assured that action will be taken based on the report submitted by the officials.
Based on the 'suicide note' recovered by the police from his body, Chauhan's wife Ilaben lodged a complaint with Vadnagar police against three teachers of Shaikhpur primary school, situated near Vadnagar town, a police officer said.
In the FIR, she alleged that her husband committed suicide because he was "fed up with the torture by three teachers, who have been harassing Chauhan for being a Dalit".
"The three teachers, identified as Momin Hasan Abbasbhai, Vinod Prajapati and Amaji Thakor, have been booked for abetting suicide (IPC section 306) and under various sections of Prevention of Atrocities Act," Circle Police Inspector R L Kharadi said.
Vadnagar is the hometown of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
As per the FIR, Chauhan had been working as the mid-day meal scheme manager at Shaikhpur primary school near Vadnagar since the last one year with a monthly salary of Rs 1,600.
Ilaben, who used to work as a cook in the same school, alleged that though the family was reeling under acute cash crunch, these three teachers used to force his husband to spend money on their snacks.
She alleged that her husband was fed up with such "torture" by these teachers.
According to Kharadi, all the three teachers have went on leave after Chauhan's suicide.
"We have taken the FIR and handed over the case to the Deputy SP of SC/ST Cell for investigation," he said.
Disclaimer: No Business Standard Journalist was involved in creation of this content
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