Kerrigan was surprisingly selected for the fifth Test against Australia at The Oval last year but failed to justify his inclusion as he conceded 53 runs from just eight overs.
The 25-year-old Lancashire spinner never recovered from a brutal early assault from Australian batsman Shane Watson as his first two overs went for 28 runs.
England's opener Sam Robson knows better than most that nerves can compromise a Test debut, and is confident Kerrigan will up his game if he is granted a second chance this week.
He has since restated his case impressively as a long-term England opener with a maiden hundred at Headingley and then a half-century in the drawn first Investec Test against India at Trent Bridge.
England sent for Kerrigan after that stalemate in the midlands, adding the slow left-armer to their squad for the second Test at Lord's - despite his nightmare debut against Australia at The Oval last summer.
"I fear for Simon Kerrigan. England have thrown him back into international cricket far too soon," Vaughan said.
Former England spin bowler Phil Tufnell said: "It must be a horrible position for the lad now. I don't know how that's affecting him.
