Emperor Akihito, now 83, said in August that his advancing age and weakening health mean he may no longer be able to carry out his duties.
While abdications are far from unknown in Japanese history, the last one was in 1817 and there is no mechanism under current law for an emperor to give up the ancient Chrysanthemum Throne.
The subject is also highly sensitive issue in light of Japan's modern history of war waged in the name of Akihito's father Emperor Hirohito, who died in 1989.
In carefully crafted language, he hinted he is increasingly aware of the responsibility that awaits him.
"I would like to take it into my heart seriously and work on my duties, bearing it constantly in mind," he said.
Akihito's eldest son added that he wants to "pursue a role for the imperial house that matches the needs of each era".
He added that such a role "changes from one era to another as a fresh wind blows in each".
Under the constitution they have only a symbolic role.
Last month, a government panel said Japan could pass a one-off bill allowing Akihito to step down.
The option was one of several presented by the group of experts charged with sorting out the thorny issue.
They are reportedly expected to make a final recommendation in March.
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