Two suspected thieves were still on the run, according to a police source, who said the value of the items taken was "several million euros".
The five men armed with hatchets arrived at the hotel in Paris' luxurious Place Vendome around 6:30 pm (1730 GMT) before smashing the windows on the ground floor and making off with the jewels.
"World-famous jewellers display their jewellery at the Ritz," a police source said.
Interior minister Gerard Collomb praised officers' "professionalism" saying they had "done our police force credit".
"We heard a loud noise and lots of racket in the street," one hotel employee told AFP. "Passers-by took refuge in the hotel. We didn't know what was going on until someone told us there had been a robbery."
Another employee said he saw a motorbike speed along a road at the back of the hotel after the break-in.
In March 2016, two robbers stole an estimated six million euros worth of jewels from luxury fashion brand Chopard after threatening employees with a gun and grenade. Three men were charged in connection with that heist.
The French capital's most high-profile recent jewellery theft was carried out in October 2016 against US reality television star Kim Kardashian.
Five men, some wearing jackets with police insignia, held Kardashian at gunpoint, making off with several pieces of gold and diamond jewellery as well as a ring -- a total estimated worth of nine million euros.
It remains the only piece to be recovered from the heist.
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