More than 2.2 billion people 'poor or near-poor': UN report

More than 2.2 billion people are "poor or near-poor", with financial crises, natural disasters, soaring food prices and violent conflicts threatening to exacerbate the problem, a United Nations report said today.
While poverty is in decline worldwide, growing inequality and "structural vulnerabilities" remain a serious threat, said the report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released in Tokyo.
Nearly 1.5 billion people in 91 developing states live in poverty while another 800 million are teetering on the edge, it found.
"Eliminating extreme poverty is not just about 'getting to zero'; it is also about staying there," said the agency's 2014 Human Development Report.

"Those most vulnerable to natural disasters, climate change and financial setbacks must be specifically empowered and protected.
"Making vulnerability reduction central in future development agendas is the only way to ensure that progress is resilient and sustainable," it added.

UNDP chief Helen Clark said this was the first time that the annual study looked at vulnerability and resilience jointly "through a human development lens".
"If life-cycle and structural vulnerability are addressed, and conscious efforts are made to lift resilience to crisis and disaster, then I have no doubt that many of the kind of setbacks we see today to human development can be averted in future," Clark said at an event for the report's release.

The study, entitled "Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience", called for making basic social services available to all and putting full employment at the top of the development agenda.
"Providing basic social security benefits to the world's poor would cost less than two percent of global GDP (gross domestic product)," it said.
"A basic social protection package is affordable so long as low-income countries reallocate funds and raise domestic resources, coupled with support by the international donor community."
About 1.2 billion people survive on the equivalent of USD 1.25 or less per day, the UNDP said.
"If you are poor, you are less able to handle several shocks; you may also be disabled, you may also be older. So you have more layers of things against you," Khalid Malik, the report's lead author, told reporters ahead of its release today.

Key to dealing with the problem was focusing government policy on jobs and social safety nets, the study said.
"Structural vulnerabilities are often manifested through deep inequalities and widespread poverty," it said.
"The poor, women, minorities (ethnic, linguistic, religious, migrant, or sexual), indigenous peoples, people in rural or remote areas or living with disabilities, and countries landlocked or with limited natural resources tend to face higher barriers.