Kiev denied that it was behind the strike, which caused no civilian casualties, according to local authorities.
Ukrainian forces have been making advances over the past months and have been tightening their grip around million-strong Donetsk, where pro-Russian fighters have hunkered down and pledged to fight to the death.
"The district of Kalininsky was hit overnight by an air strike... There were no civilian victims," the city council said in a statement, adding that one bomb had left a four-metre wide and 1.5-metre deep hole in the road.
An AFP reporter on the ground saw two large craters in the road and another across some railway tracks about 100 metres away, as well as a severely damaged warehouse and a three-storey office building with all its windows blown out and the roof peeled back.
The rebels said the strike occurred at 12:40am (2140 GMT).
Police and firefighters milled about as well as international OSCE observers who have been monitoring the situation in Ukraine and were taking pictures of the scene, accompanied by a few rebels.
This was the first air strike to hit close to the centre of Donetsk since Ukrainian forces heavily bombarded the airport in May in their bid to halt the insurgency in the industrial east of the country.
Andriy Lysenko, spokesman for Kiev's National Security and Defence Council, insisted today that Ukraine's military did not bomb built-up areas.
But the strike came as Kiev signalled a harder push to retake the disputed area.
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