Sturgeon, Scotland's deputy first minister, will replace SNP leader and current First Minister Alex Salmond.
He announced his intention to resign after Scots voted to stay in the United Kingdom in the September 18 referendum.
Sturgeon's leadership of the left-of-centre party will be officially confirmed at the SNP conference next month.
Following that, her election as first minister must be approved by the Scottish parliament, where the SNP has a slim majority, and receive the assent of Queen Elizabeth II.
"She will be a fantastic new leader of both the party and our country," he said.
Sturgeon, 44, was seen as the brains behind Scotland's independence campaign, overseeing the White Paper, a prospectus for separation.
Scotland voted by 55 per cent to 45 per cent to remain in the UK. London promised the swift devolution of major powers to the Scottish parliament if Scots rejected independence.
