The group of more than 50 refugees, who have been held at the Mediterranean city's Muntaza police station for weeks, launched the protest over their poor living conditions, said the official who declined to be identified.
"Since today, they have been refusing to eat food supplied by the UNHCR through our partner there," the official who works for the UN refugee agency told AFP.
"They want to send a message that their conditions be improved."
The UNHCR's regional representative, Mohamed Dayri, has told AFP that Egypt gave the refugees a choice of paying for a return ticket to Syria and neighbouring countries or staying in Egyptian prisons for an indefinite period.
Human Rights Watch said this month that Egypt detained more than 1,500 refugees from Syria including Palestinians, before forcing most to leave the country.
It said that most of the refugees who were arrested had been trying to "migrate to Europe on smugglers' boats".
HRW says some 300 refugees from Syria, almost two thirds of them Palestinians, are still behind bars and demanded that Egypt hold accountable the security officials who ordered their detention.
Dismissing HRW's claims, Egyptian authorities said "dictating the coerced departure of Syrians from Egypt" was not an official state policy.
"No Syrian refugee is made to depart from Egypt unless they have been proven to have entered the country through illegal immigration, an action contrary to Egyptian law," the government said on November 13.
More than two million Syrian refugees have fled the war in the country which erupted in March 2011.
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