The colonel and major were deployed with the gendarmerie, which was then part of the army, in the northeastern city of Erzurum, the state-run Anadolu news agency said.
They were charged with violating the constitution. After the coup, the gendarmerie was brought within the control of the interior ministry.
Ankara blames the attempted putsch on the US-based Islamic preacher Fethullah Gulen and has embarked on a relentless purge to eradicate his influence from public life. Gulen denies the charges.
The state of emergency gives the government special powers to fire state employees and close down associations, including media groups.
It also extends the time that suspects can be held in jail without being charged.
According to the latest figures published by Anadolu, more than 41,000 people have been arrested over suspected links to Gulen within the state of emergency.
With a record number of suspects behind bars, the trials are only now getting under way and are expected to last for months.
In Ankara -- where most of the suspected ringleaders are being held -- a special courthouse is being built for when the trials there start next month.
There has been growing international alarm over the extent of the crackdown amid the state of emergency imposed after the coup, with critics concerned it has been used to target Erdogan's opponents.
According to the P24 independent journalism website, at least 90 journalists have been detained within the state of emergency.
Dogan Holding chief legal advisor Erem Turgut Yucel and former chief executive Yahya Uzdiyen were detained after police raided their offices and homes, the company said in a statement to the Istanbul stock exchange.
Erdogan has said there are strong public demands for retribution even extending to reimposing the death penalty.
One of the main trials will begin on February 20 of 47 suspects accused of trying to assassinate Erdogan at a holiday resort.
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