How exclusive partnerships shape the AI landscape and competition

Despite perceived short-term consumer gains, studies show that long-term competition suffers due to the powerful "status-quo bias" created by pre-installed services

In the tech space, disruptions arrive in waves. The latest, of course, is artificial intelligence (AI), which has gripped the world by a proverbial storm. One of its most striking manifestations is the sheer pace of adoption. Think about it: Fixed-line telephony, the very cornerstone of 20th-century communication, took a staggering 25 years to reach 1 million users in the United States. Pagers took a decade, and the mobile phone slightly less. The internet, a seismic shift in itself, took about five years, and Facebook less than a year. But the most breathtaking leap came with ChatGPT — the world’s