China plans financial aid to support couples to have 2nd child

China is planning to introduce a "baby bonus" scheme toprovide financial incentives to encourage couples to have a second child, as surveys showed that many of them were reluctant to go beyond one child due to economic constraints, official media reported today.
Wang Pei'an, vice-minister of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said the potential move at a social welfare conference, state-run China Daily reported.
Last year China, the world's most populous nation, relaxed its controversial and over four-decade-old 'one child' policy allowing all Chinese couples to have a second child to counter looming demographic crisis.
Nationwide, the change led to 17.8 million births in 2016, an increase of more than 1.3 million compared with the previous year and the biggest annual increase in 20 years.

"That fully met the expectations, but barriers still exist and must be addressed," Wang said.
"To have a second child is the right of each family in China, but affordability has become a bottleneck that undermines the decision," he said.

A survey by the commission in 2015 found that 60 per cent of families polled expressed reluctance to have a second baby largely due to economic constraints. China has a population of 1.35 billion, the world's largest.
To address that, Wang said, the government is considering introducing supporting measures including "birth rewards and subsidies" to encourage people to have another child.

It is the first time that the top population authority has suggested such a move to boost the birthrate, Yuan Xin, a professor at Nankai University in Tianjin said.
The Hunan provincial statistics authority also suggested in a recent report that the local government give subsidies to couples having a second baby to help reverse falling fertility rates.
"It's not easy, and a 'baby bonus' plan should be applied evenly nationwide as all government policies should be transparent and fair for all," he said, adding that the population authority alone cannot handle such a plan as it requires consensus and cooperation among all authorities.

In some low-fertility countries like Japan, baby incentives such as cash subsidies, prolonged maternity leave, tax breaks, and child and healthcare benefits have been introduced by the government to boost the population.
"It's not the right time to introduce any financial incentive plans," he said.
Also, "the second-child policy is a choice by the top decision-makers facing a dilemma of the existing challenges and structural population problems like rapid ageing and a shrinking workforce", he said.
After all, having one or two children should be a decision made by the families themselves, Yuan said.