The EU's 28 member states agreed to set up the force last month as a key part of the bloc's strategy for tackling the flow of the migrants along with a deal with Turkey sealed in March.
MEPs meeting in Strasbourg, France, approved the new border force by 483 votes to 181 against, with 48 abstentions.
"The legislation will enter into force this autumn," the European Parliament said in a statement.
Brussels aims to have the force start operations in September and be fully operational by November, under a roadmap to restore the passport-free Schengen Zone after the travails of the migration crisis.
Under the deal, member states would still manage their borders on a daily basis but could call on emergency support from a pool of at least 1,500 border guards.
The new force represents an expansion of the size and tasks of the existing Frontex border agency, based in Warsaw.
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