The nationality of the foreigner could not be immediately confirmed, and the British embassy had no comment.
The embassy's spokesman had earlier confirmed the attack and said some people in the vehicle were wounded, without providing further details.
He added that the vehicle was not carrying any British diplomats. He asked that his name not be published in keeping with embassy regulations.
Interior Ministry spokesman Seddiq Sediqqi said the foreigner was killed along with four Afghan civilians. Another 33 civilians were wounded, he said.
Taliban insurgents claimed responsibility for the attack in a brief statement.
The area of the blast in eastern Kabul has many foreign compounds and international military installations.
In recent weeks, suicide bombers have launched attacks on military convoys in the area and on compounds housing foreign service companies and their international employees.
Kabul has come under almost daily attack as insurgents intensify their war on local security forces and US and NATO troops, who are set to officially conclude their combat role in the country at the end of next month.
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