Prosecutors have charged the defendants with damaging and setting fire to prison buildings, murder and looting prison weapons depots while facilitating the escape of prisoners from the "Hamas movement, Lebanon's Hezbollah, jihadists, (Muslim) Brotherhood and other criminals".
But Morsi struck a defiant note during his appearance in Cairo Criminal Court, saying: "The revolution of the people won't stop -- continue your peaceful revolution."
Morsi and the co-defendants are accused of invading 11 prisons, assaulting police and kidnapping four officers during the uprising that toppled long-time dictator Hosni Mubarak.
"Down with the military rule," other defendants chanted inside the dock.
The court adjourned the trial, one of four for Morsi, until February 24.
The 131 defendants are mostly members of the Muslim Brotherhood, including the group's Supreme Guide Mohamed Badie, and Hamas and Hezbollah.
Morsi, Egypt's first democratically elected president, was removed by the army in July last year amid massive protests against his one-year turbulent rule.
Morsi is also facing separate trials on charges of inciting the killing of anti-government protesters in 2012, espionage and conspiring with Hamas and Hezbollah to commit terror acts, and insulting the judiciary.
He could be sentenced to death if convicted on several of the charges.
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