Natural gas usage won't help curb CO2 emissions

Abundant supplies of natural gas will do little to reduce harmful carbon dioxide emissions causing climate change, according to a new US study.
Researchers at University of California, Irvine, Stanford University, and the nonprofit organisation Near Zero found that inexpensive gas boosts electricity consumption and hinders expansion of cleaner energy sources, such as wind and solar.
The study results are based on modelling the effect of high and low gas supplies on the US power sector. Coal-fired plants, the country's largest source of power, also produce vast quantities of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas polluting the Earth's atmosphere, researchers said.

Recently proposed rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency rely heavily on the substitution of natural gas for coal to lower carbon emissions by 2030.
"In our results, abundant natural gas does not significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. This is true even if no methane leaks during production and shipping," said lead author Christine Shearer, a postdoctoral scholar in Earth system science at UC Irvine.
Previous studies have focused on the risk of natural gas - composed primarily of methane - leaking into the atmosphere from wells and pipelines.

But the new work shows that even if no methane escapes, the overall climate benefits of gas are likely to be small because its use delays the widespread construction of low-carbon energy facilities, such as solar arrays.

Analysing a range of climate policies, the researchers found that high gas usage could actually boost cumulative emissions between 2013 and 2055 by 5 per cent - and, at most, trim them by 9 per cent.
"Natural gas has been presented as a bridge to a low-carbon future, but what we see is that it's actually a major detour. We find that the only effective paths to reducing greenhouse gases are a regulatory cap or a carbon tax," Shearer said.
She and her co-authors conclude that greater use of gas is a poor strategy for clearing the atmosphere.
"Cutting greenhouse gas emissions by burning natural gas is like dieting by eating reduced-fat cookies," said Steven Davis, assistant professor of Earth system science at UC Irvine and the study's principal investigator.

"It may be better than eating full-fat cookies, but if you really want to lose weight, you probably need to avoid cookies altogether," said Davis.
The study appears in the journal Environmental Research Letters.