The telephone conversation came after the White House confirmed that US President Barack Obama will sign into law fresh sanctions against Russia.
The Kremlin said in a statement that the leaders "continued discussion of the crisis situation in Ukraine" and stressed the "necessity of a stable ceasefire" in conflict-hit eastern Ukraine.
They also noted "the importance of holding a meeting of the contact group as soon as possible in the interests of carrying out the Minsk pact," the Kremlin said, referring to a peace deal reached in September.
The leaders agreed to "continue telephone contacts in the near future," the Kremlin statement said.
The eight-month-old conflict between government forces and pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine has left at least 4,634 dead and 10,243 wounded, and displaced more than 1.1 million people, according to new UN figures.
