During a phonecall, Merkel "made it clear to President Putin that in order to obtain further progress towards a comprehensive political solution", a ceasefire had to be respected and unfettered access given to observers monitoring the truce.
"Here, Russia must use its influence on the separatists," she said, according to a statement issued by her spokesman.
The conversation came a day after Merkel hosted Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko for talks, with the Ukrainian leader accusing Russia of continuing to send troops and weapons into his country in violation of a ceasefire deal.
Poroshenko blamed "Russia and its proxies" for the violence, saying they have failed to observe the ceasefire and were responsible for 1,200 shellings in January alone.
He also said observers from the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) were being denied access to the border.
Kiev and the West have accused Russia of supporting the insurgency and sending regular troops across the border.
But Putin has repeatedly denied playing any direct role in a war that began less than two months after the ouster of Ukraine's Kremlin-backed president.
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