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Selfie with liveness detection, recording of geographical coordinates, and verification of bank account by the 'penny-drop' method are among the mandatory new measures listed by India's financial intelligence agency under the anti-money laundering and terrorist financing KYC protocols for cryptocurrency exchanges while onboarding users. The directives also discourage Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and Initial Token Offerings (ITOs), equivalent to IPOs in stock markets, by the exchanges. They say that tumblers, mixers, and anonymity-enhancing tokens-linked transactions shall "not" be facilitated. PTI has reviewed the updated set of guidelines brought out by the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), a body that functions under the Union Finance Ministry, on January 8 as part of the 'anti-money laundering (AML) and combating financing of terror (CFT) guidelines for reporting entities providing services related to virtual digital assets (cryptocurrency).' The guidelines have been updated .
A total of 49 crypto currency exchanges, a majority of them based in India, were registered with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) during the 2024-25 fiscal as part of the country's legal regime to mitigate anti-money laundering and terrorist financing risks emerging from this sector, according to a report. Also, a "strategic analysis" of suspicious transaction reports (STRs) generated and furnished by these exchanges to the federal agency found "exploitation" of crypto funds for "serious" criminal activities like hawala (unaccounted) transactions, gambling, scam, fraud and an instance of operating an illegal adult content website. In legal parlance, crypto currency is called Virtual Digital Asset (VDA) and the exchanges that trade them are called VDA Service Providers (VDA SPs). These exchanges were brought under India's anti-money laundering regime (Prevention of Money Laundering Act PMLA) linked reporting system in 2023. Being reporting entities under the PMLA, these exchange